Congo minerals list In fact, its unexploited deposits of minerals are estimated to be approximately worth 24 trillion United States Dollars (USD). The locality produced the best baryte crystal clusters in Congo. Yager The Democratic Republic of the Congo [Congo (Kinshasa)] played a globally significant role in the world’s production of cobalt, copper, diamond, gold, tantalum, and tin. in 2019, the country’s share of the world’s mined cobalt framework for the mineral sector in Congo (Brazzaville) is provided by law no. 2007–274, Decree no. The country hosts numerous major deposits of diamonds, gold, copper, cobalt, tin, tantalum and lithium. Tin in the Democratic Republic of Congo is mainly found in the eastern provinces, particularly North Kivu and South Kivu, where artisanal mining and small-scale operations are common. This locality information is for reference purposes only. Specimens are sometimes encountered in old collections, but they can not be distinguished from Kasekelesa material. Sep 25, 2024 · Congo’s considerable mineral resources keep drawing in international investors. This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat. Jan 8, 2025 · Before 1881 division of Africa Rwanda kingdom covered parts of uganda,East congo and Tanzania west. Oct 17, 2024 · Since the early 2000s, China has spent more than $155 billion in Sub-Saharan Africa, creating new markets for Chinese construction companies and making China a legitimate alternative to Western financing in the realm of developmental and commercial infrastructure. at very The present note was prepared by the Service Geologuque et le Service des Mines of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, based on archives and statistics of these two organizations. Setting a benchmark in responsible sourcing, MMR spearheaded the introduction of iTSCi in the country and proudly holds the status […] the DR Congo (101 species), and South Africa (81 species). For this, Vogel focuses on the industry-led International Tin Supply Chain Initiative (iTSCi), which remains For years, the mining and sale of certain minerals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and adjoining countries have helped fund conflicts contributing to an emergency humanitarian situation. Climate Type: Equatorial in the Congo Basin, with a tropical climate in the highlands, influencing erosion, sedimentation, and the formation of mineral deposits. It is the largest producer of copper in Africa. Mining area around the town of Rubaya. Chinese enterprises have managed to land important contracts and partnerships with the Congolese government, concentrating on making use of key mineral deposits, in Aug 26, 2024 · Carrollite is a rare copper, cobalt, nickel sulfide, with the very finest of the species coming from the Kamoya South mines in the DRC. If you are considering buying gold, diamonds, copper, or cobalt, it's essential to be informed about the guides that regulate these exports. U was founded in 1996 as a CBO of Artisanal Miners giving us good 26 Congo (Kinshasa)—2019 [ aDVanCE RELEasE] 11. 007/2002 of 11 July 2002 on the Mining Code and Decree No. Nevertheless, Apple Kolwezi Mine, Kolwezi, Mutshatsha, Lualaba, DR Congo : Ancient copper mine worked from an open cut since 1903. The PPA is a multi-sector and multi-stakeholder initiative that supports supply chain solutions to conflict minerals challenges in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Great Lakes Region (GLR) of Central Africa. is the first comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon. 4–2005, Decree no. Tin 4 days ago · Minerals found in Katanga include copper, cobalt, zinc, cassiterite (the chief source of metallic tin), manganese, coal, silver, cadmium, germanium (a brittle element used as a semiconductor), gold, palladium (a metallic element used as a catalyst and in alloys), uranium, and platinum. Congominessprl. Secretary of State determines are financing conflict in the DRC or its adjoining countries. The mineral list comes from the book "Les minéraux de Belgique et du Congo Belge" by H. This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral Old manganese workings. Every province in the country can claim to hold mineral wealth. Dec 17, 2024 · Congo is a major source of tin, tantalum and tungsten, so-called 3T minerals used in computers and mobile phones. Setting a benchmark in responsible sourcing, MMR spearheaded the introduction of iTSCi in the country and proudly holds the status of being an OECD Dec 18, 2024 · Apple on Tuesday said it strongly disputes allegations that it uses conflict minerals in its products and told suppliers earlier this year to stop purchasing those minerals from the Democratic Oct 18, 2024 · Although China has invested capital into multiple mineral-rich nations, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) stands out because of its vital role in the cobalt market. 6 million metric tons per annum (mmtpa) of Run-of-Mine (ROM) and primarily produced copper (209. Congo, Democratic Republic - Mining and MineralsCongo (DR) - Mining and Minerals This is a best prospect industry sector for this country. produces different minerals according to price trend or demand. 038/2003 of 26 March 2003 on Mining Regulations. [28] Today economists estimate that Congo has an estimated $24 trillion worth of mineral wealth. element ores (minerals) occurring in the DRC selected uses of element copper (Cu) a variety of copper sulfide minerals electrical wire and cable; electric motors; integrated circuits cobalt (Co) heterogenite, a mixed oxide and hydroxide of cobalt (CoOOH) alloys for gas turbines and jet engines; batteries in cell phones and electric vehicles Aug 8, 2024 · The total value of metallic minerals and coal produced in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) in 2020 amounted to nearly 12 billion U. The area is presently plagued by strong ethnic and political tensions, and by the frequent conflicts between SMB (Société Minière de Bisunzu), holder of the mining license, and COOPERAMMA (Coopérative des Exploitants Artisanaux Miniers de Masisi), which provides a legal framework for most of the artisanal diggers working in the Rubaya mining sites. 4-2005). Jan 9, 2025 · Rebels in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo fraudulently exported at least 150 metric tons of coltan to Rwanda last year, leading to the largest contamination of the Great Lakes Region's . Conclusion List of Minerals & Metallurgy Companies in Congo (DRC) . L. MINERALS INVESTMENT Copper,Cobalt,Tantalite shituru metal copper cathode Congo Red Gold s. Ore Geology Reviews 34, 561-579. Please contact us for more details regarding our our products and we also welcome joint venture partnership. Conflict Minerals are minerals mined in conditions of armed conflict and human rights abuses, by various armed rebel groups. company date of licence expiry of licence; 1st exceptional logistics ltd: 21/04/2022: 20/04/2025: afrobullion mine limited: 8/4/2022: 7/4/2025: alfagi gh limited Armed conflict and serious human rights abuses have persisted in the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo for nearly two decades. Located 10 km NW of Kambove. Rep. Jul 19, 2023 · 51% of companies initially determined that their conflict minerals may have come from the DRC or adjoining countries. The table below illustrates this reality and at the same time presents the various minerals that abound in the subsoil of all the provinces of the DRC. This does not claim to be a complete list. Based on meticulous investigation and long-term fieldwork, this book analyses why the campaign against "unethical" mining went awry, and radically disrupted eastern Congo's political economy. Suppliers, Distributors, Manufacturers, Importer. Mindingi Mine, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo : A copper mine, locally very rich in cobalt, worked from an open cut during the 1930s and 1940s without fully exploiting the deposit. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is known for its mining potential representing 1,100 different mineral substances. Today four central African countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) provides legitimate and ethical 3T minerals. and Cote d'Ivoire. Jan 14, 2021 · PDF format - Congo (Brazzaville) 2017-18 Minerals Yearbook chapter. Specializing in Warehousing Companies, we are dedicated to providing efficient and reliable solutions to meet the diverse needs of our clients. Informal artisanal and small-scale extraction is pervasive and attracts illicit actors that perpetuate instability and conflict in communities. He prospected in the Congo and particularly in Katanga where he discovered its immense mineral wealth. Its soil harbours a wide variety of mineral species with facies of often very high esthetical quality. Luena, Haut-Lomami, DR Congo : A town. An eminently mining country, the Republic of Congo is the centre of numerous exploitations of most diverse metals in a multitude of mines and quarries. More-extensive coverage The Republic of Congo’s mining industry is dominated by Oil and Gas, along with various of untapped mineral reserves, including Iron ore, Diamonds, potash, Phosphates, Copper, Lead, Zinc, and Gold, which makes it a significant player in the African crude oil market, ranking seventh among producers. This list may change since conflict minerals are also any mineral or its derivatives that the U. Situated in Central Africa, the DRC’s mining operations provide essential raw materials for various high-tech and green energy applications. SM25-020 Cobaltian Calcite on Malachite Mashamba West Mine, Mutshatsha, Lualaba, DR Congo Small Cabinet, 9. Global diamond about us About MMR Established in 2009 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mining Mineral Resources (MMR) stands as a pioneer in the exploration and production of crucial minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, and Tungsten. Congo, Rep. 000 Metric Ton for Dec 2021 ; Congo Minerals Production data is updated yearly, averaging 2,243,855. Material-related commodities are classified into four groups, two of which are shown here: Raw (unprocessed mineral ore in natural form), Processed (processed or purified mineral ore). It is very important that all material that comes to our facility MUST be tagged, with no exception. The DRC produces 80 percent of the world’s cobalt—Chinese state-owned enterprises and policy banks control 80 percent of the total output. The Percentage minerals extracted from Katanga mines exported to China. Chinas a Congo Copper headache, Asia Times, March 11, 2010 3. Key information about Congo Minerals Production. This great crystal dates from the late 1990s finds here that were brought out in a few large lots by the Gobin brothers; and this still remains the greatest find of the species to this day. We are member of TradeKey. Tenke Fungurume Mine in Katanga, was the largest mine in Democratic Republic of the Congo, producing approximately 16. Based in Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), we harness cutting-edge technologies and adhere to stringent environmental standards to ensure responsible mining operations. Real mining started as recently as 2016. It is the third-largest city in the country, following the capital Kinshasa and the second-largest city of Lubumbashi but ahead of Kisangani and Kananga, though the exact population is not known. 2 days ago · UN experts have also shown that the minerals extracted from areas under the control of armed groups have entered the ITSCI-certified supply chain year after year. Our business is related to Minerals & Metallurgy industry and we specifically deal in copper cathodes. The government of the DRC is accusing Apple of using “illegally exploited” minerals extracted from its rich minerals controlled by rebels. Mfouati Mine, Mfouati, Mfouati District, Bouenza Department, Republic of the Congo : 'Mfouati lies about 55km west of Mindouli and is dominated by a large limestone hill with manganese wad filled fractures that were mined for primarily for lead, and zinc with some subordinate copper. Jan 31, 2024 · ASX-listed AVZ Minerals has updated the mineral resource of its Manono lithium and tin project, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), after generating new results from the 2022 to 2023 Dikuluwe Mine, Sicomines copper-cobalt project, Mutshatsha, Lualaba, DR Congo : Opencast mine started in 1975. Position : Congo ›› Minerals & Metallurgy ›› List of Steel Companies in Congo tianfeng steel sheet trading company Tianfeng Steel Company, founded in 1988, is specialized production and sale of prefabricated house, PU sandwich panel,rock wool panel, corrugated steel sheet, prepainted coils, hot dipped galvanized structure, etc. -- Area Reports: International) are designed to provide an annual review of mineral production and trade and of mineral-related government and industry developments. Congo, Democratic Republic of Minerals Production was reported at 3,828,547. Jan 20, 2021 · In 2017, the State Department renewed the Public Private Alliance for Responsible Minerals Trade (PPA) for another five years. Country chapters from the Minerals Yearbook (Volume III. Here’s a list of key minerals mined in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Cobalt. Include Congolese Trading Corporation (CTC) . Table 2 is a list of major mineral industry facilities. 000 Metric Ton in Dec 2022 ; This records an increase from the previous number of 3,221,345. Apple and at least The mining sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo is regulated by Law No. The Republic of Congo’s mining sector is subject to the jurisdiction of the Ministère des Mines et de la Géologie and the regulations documented in the Code Minier (law No. 53% of companies that investigated further were unable to make a final determination on conflict mineral origins. [24] In May 2008 Tiger Resources announced that it had secured the rights to explore several new and highly prospective tenements in Katanga in partnership with Afrimines Resources and Katanga Minerals Holdings. Annual production capacity is estimated at 20,000 tonnes of copper metal and 8,000 tonnes of cobalt in cobalt hydroxide, with expansion to Oct 29, 2024 · Congo is the world’s largest producer of cobalt, a mineral used to make lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and smartphones. Coltan Mine Bibatama in Nord-Kivu Source: BGR. l. 500 Metric Ton from Dec 2009 Congo (DRC) Minerals & Metallurgy Related Company Uniglobe Holding Sprl copper mine copper concetrete, nobuim, coltan Rural Miners farm gold, farm rough diamond Luishia Mine, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo : Reduced facies type copper-cobalt deposit, mined from an open cut from 1913 to 1949. 5 x 8. Tenke Mine, Tenke-Fungurume area, Lualaba, DR Congo : Reduced facies type copper-cobalt deposit, consisting of two ore beds with a layer of siliceous dolomite between them. This silicate mineral grows thin fibers crystals that can easily break off and form dust particles. First come first served. 24–1994, and Decree no. when boarders were drawn it cut Rwanda into congo with rwandese becoming congolese, Ugandans and Although the company was fully registered and incorporated in 2020 with head office in Gombe-Kinshasa, Congo Minerals S. Jan 1, 2023 · In accordance with the country’s constitution of 2002, all minerals in the soil of the Republic of Congo are property of the state. Nov 4, 2024 · The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has the world’s largest Coltan deposits of key minerals which Apple uses to make electronic devices. 00 Payment Plan Available 2 days ago · With demand for ‘net zero’ minerals set to almost triple by 2030, according to the International Energy Agency, mining of lithium, cobalt and nickel found in countries like Chile, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Philippines is gathering pace. Unlike the other minerals in the top 10 deadliest. Dec 1, 2009 · Exporter of Gold Dust, Coltan, Cassiterite. This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities CJX Minerals is a premier Warehousing Companies located in - Bukavu, Congo, Democratic Republic of. r. DR Congo. The new Code performs a classification of mineral deposits in mines and quarries. This ensures traceability, due diligence and audit requirements on purchases of minerals from high risk areas. 2008–15. The Lower Cretaceous potash deposit of Holle in the coastal region of Congo was mined in the 1970s (de Ruiter 1979). Includes a market overview and trade data. This deposit is one of a group of deposits in an area located about 100 km W of Kambove and about 35 km NW of Swambo. Asbestos is not one mineral but six defined separate minerals. [2] Oct 28, 2024 · Christoph Vogel’s Conflict Minerals Inc. Mining can occur within protected areas, and around endangered or threatened species. Source: 1. org. Congo is the world’s largest producer of cobalt, a mineral used to make Established in 2009 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mining Mineral Resources (MMR) stands as a pioneer in the exploration and production of crucial minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, and Tungsten. At CJX Minerals, we pride ourselves on our commitment to excellence and customer satisfaction. Kasompi Mine, Mutshatsha, Lualaba, DR Congo : A Ni-Cu-Co deposit on Kasompi hill worked during the 1940s and 1950s. Of Congo. See full list on trade. [1] Much of the region’s economy depends on the artisanal extraction of minerals, particularly gold and the so-called three Ts: cassiterite (tin), wolframite (tungsten), and coltan (tantalum). Business information about company profile, Email, Tel, Phone, Fax. can provide at lower cost any product originating Congo sold by intermediaries. Exports Minerals include Central African Republic, China, Gabon, Congo, Dem. Global diamond Tenke Fungurume Mine in Katanga, was the largest mine in Democratic Republic of the Congo, producing approximately 16. Afrimines Resources SPRL, based in Democratic Republic of the Congo, owns various mining resources. Oct 29, 2024 · Global interest in eastern Congo’s minerals is one reason the violence is so difficult to be contained, experts said. 1 x 3. List of all the minerals mined in Congo. com since August, 2012. It was also here where the first new mineral for Congo was discovered, cornetite, which was named in honour of Jules Cornet (La Louvière, Belgium, March 4, 1865 – Mons, Belgium, May 17, 1929), Belgian geologist. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. Commodity List This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region. China, the United States, and Europe are all heavily investing in the mining sector of the DRC. Under the US Conflict Minerals Law, additional minerals may be added to this list in the future. But some artisanal mines are run by armed groups involved in massacres of 3%; and gold, 1%. [27] There has been a push in recent years to consider cobalt as an additional conflict mineral, as since 2019 the Congo accounts for 70% of global production. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of Africa’s most richly endowed countries in terms of mineral wealth. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Africa’s second-biggest country by land mass, is rich in both those elements. China has a Congo Copper headache Asia Times, March 11, 2010 2. Exporter from Nigeria. Coltan mining has financed serious conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo, including the Ituri conflict and the Second Congo War. At Kananga Mining Group, our mission is twofold: to unlock the untapped potential of gold reserves in the DR Congo while fostering socio-economic development in road from nyiragongo volcanot into the city of goma, congo - congo minerals stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images Road from Nyiragongo Volcanot into the city of Goma, Congo Unidentified young boys works among about 4,000 artisan miners digging copper on December 13, 2005 in Ruashi mine about 20 kilometers outside Mutanda Mine, Kolwezi mining district, Mutshatsha, Lualaba, DR Congo : An open-pit copper mine operated by Glencore International. Diamonds. The workings are located just west of the Mashamba West mine and are expected to be combined with these in the near future. Gold. Minerals : Ores, Lithium Ores, Iron-ores, Lead / Zinc. USGS The Africa Report, Investing DR Congo 2013; USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2013; World Bank, Doing Business 2014. S. It also has substantial gold, diamond, copper and cobalt Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) ranks among the richest countries in the world in mineral wealth, estimated at $24 Trillion, and yet also among the poorest populations of the world. ” Congo is a storehouse of strategic minerals such as cobalt, coltan and uranium. 2007–293, law no. Cobalt Ore,High Grade Ore,Cobalt Hydroxide,Copper Cathode,Copper Powder - A,Copper B,Copper May 27, 2020 · In accordance with the country’s constitution of 2002, all minerals in the soil of the Republic of Congo are property of the state. You can find a full list of commodities described in the corresponding mineral page. The mining industry is not only a major economic driver in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) but also a significant contributor to the global supply chain of critical minerals. DRC adjoining countries are the following countries bordering the DRC: Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Likasi Mine, Likasi, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo : A copper mine started in 1915 and now abandoned. **Congo Minerals Services** : Bâtissez avec nous l'avenir de l'industrie minière ! Nouvellement établie dans le foisonnant paysage minier de Mboukoumassi deposit, Madingo-Kayes, Kouilou Department, Republic of the Congo : The deposit is hosted in Cretaceous strata and covered by Quaternary sediments. Within the DR Congo, the former Katanga or Shaba province, in the south-eastern part of the country, has been the most productive, providing 72 of the 101 minerals that have been described as new species, including only two minerals from a site in northern Katanga, outside Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities Democratic Republic of Congo. The country was not a globally significant consumer of minerals or mineral fuels in 2017 (République Démocratique du Congo Ministère Sep 20, 2022 · Minerals like lithium and cobalt are key components in the batteries that could support the world’s transition away from fossil fuels. We Congo Mines Sprl located in Lubumbashi, Katanga here DR hereby to confirm with full corporate and legal responsibility under penalty of perjury that we are the end sellerâs for Gold Copper 100% origin from Congo. 3 Although China has invested capital into multiple mineral-rich nations, the Aug 1, 2022 · Focusing on the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Conflict Minerals, Inc. Figure 4: Source of Conflict Minerals in Products as Determined by Companies’ Reasonable Country-of-Origin Inquiries (RCOI), Reporting Years 2014–2022 13 Figure 5: Companies’ Determinations Regarding the Source of Their Conflict Minerals, as Reported in 2022 16 Figure 6: Simplified Conflict Minerals Supply Chain and Programs Oct 13, 2022 · DRC Mineral Map highlights various minerals like Alunite, Bauxite, Cobalt, etc found in different locations of DR Congo. We are a collection of miners from the eastern provinces Dem. Shangulowé Mine, Kambove, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo : Cu-Co deposit worked from an open cut. Mbuji-Mayi (formerly Bakwanga) serves as the capital city of Kasai-Oriental Province in the south-central Democratic Republic of Congo. Seasonal Variations: Marked differences in rainfall patterns affect river flows, shaping the landscape and influencing the distribution and accessibility of mineral resources. Minerals Exports by country in US$ Thousand 2021 In 2021, the top partner countries to which Congo, Rep. 12 thousand tonnes) in 2021. Dec 17, 2024 · The Democratic Republic of Congo has filed criminal complaints against Apple subsidiaries in France and Belgium, accusing the tech firm of using conflict minerals in its supply chain, lawyers for You have likely heard of the mineral asbestos and associate it with lung cancer. Address：BD kami, Kasai, Tshikapa, Congo (DRC), Congo (DRC) Business type：Manufacturing. A. R. [25] "The Republic of Congo is one of the few countries in sub-Saharan Africa with extensive potash resources. According to the World Bank, Congo has “80 million hectares of arable land and over 1,100 minerals and precious minerals. This is a list of minerals which have Central area, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo Spiky calcite scalenohedra with a coating of whitish benstonite on a Dec 17, 2024 · Apple has been formally accused by Congo of covering up war crimes by using conflict minerals in its supply chain, and criminal complaints have been filed in France and Belgium. Buttgenbach (1947). Data on mineral production are in table 1. 1 The Mineral Industry of Congo (Kinshasa) By Thomas R. Located 15 km SSW of Katanga. The Tenke Fungurume Mine is owned by CMOC Group Ltd;Bohai Industrial Investment Fund Management Co;Gecamines SA, and is due to operate until 2047. Congo (Kinshasa) accounted for about 49% of the world’s cobalt reserves. Crude petroleum production also played a significant role in the domestic economy. The resources of beryllium, rare earths (monazite, euxenite), niobium, tantalum (columbo—tantalite, pyrochlore),zirconium, titanium and germanium are successively element ores (minerals) occurring in the DRC selected uses of element copper (Cu) a variety of copper sulfide minerals electrical wire and cable; electric motors; integrated circuits cobalt (Co) heterogenite, a mixed oxide and hydroxide of cobalt (CoOOH) alloys for gas turbines and jet engines; batteries in cell phones and electric vehicles Yanga Koubenza quarries, Mfouati, Mfouati District, Bouenza Department, Republic of the Congo : Quarries that were intensively explored in the 1940s and 1960s. gov Feb 6, 2023 · Located in central Africa, the Democratic Republic of Congo or Congo Kinshasa is considered to be the world’s wealthiest country regarding its natural resources. Coltan ore, used to make tantalum, is mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo Minerals Services | 771 followers on LinkedIn. Nov 9, 2024 · Exporting minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) can offer significant financial rewards. 25% . Copper. However, it requires a clear understanding of the complex regulations that govern mineral exports. Company Description Shabunda Co-operative Mines Sprl located in Katanga, Lubumbashi here in Dr Congo with our branch in Kitwe Zambia we are leading manufacturer and direct authorised sellers for Copper Cathode, Gold Nuggets, Tantalite, Cobalt Cathodes origin from Congo and Zambia. Minerals & Metallurgy in Congo company list , suppliers, manufacturers in Congo. p. 1 cm $7,200. The Cretaceous sedimentary strata consist of basal continental sedimentary rocks, a middle stratum of rock salt, and a Company Description We are cominko sarl based in Kolwezi RD , Congo. In 2022, the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI), of which Apple is a member, also removed ITSCI from its list of reliable monitors of conflict minerals. offers the first book-length appraisal of how transnational initiatives to regulate ‘conflict minerals’ have influenced conflict dynamics and the daily lives of Congolese in the eastern DRC. imwem obdvam jqxhdt qbxvaw wvusyg xpbr nvpi gksiou dqiqb vpcj