Asme section ii part a 2023 pdf free download. 00 Original price was: $920.
Asme section ii part a 2023 pdf free download Published by ASME International, 07/01/2023. 001. 2019, ASME II PART D - CUSTOMARY (2019) visibility description. International +1. Title}} Edition {{ onlyYear }} Format {{ Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASME Single Cer fica on Mark shall not be used on any item that is not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code or Standard. Two new specifications have been added: SA-439/439M Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings; SA-1058/1058M Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products – Metric. This document outlines specifications for forged or rolled 8 and 9% nickel alloy steel flanges, fittings, valves, and The rules of ASME Section I are applicable to boilers in which steam or other vapor is generated at a pressure more than 15 psig and high-temperature water boilers intended for operation at pressures exceeding 160 psig and/or J7: ASME Code Section I & ASME B31. ASME BPVC Section II Part C is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections providing material specifications for the BPVC Section II-A provides material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. They are designated by SA numbers and are ASME Section II is divided into four parts covering the materials for the construction of piping and pressure vessels. Section II – Part A is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. This document summarizes the 2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. ASME Section II Part B is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field Features to Look for in an Asme Section Ii Materials User-Friendly Interface 4. 1256 pages. PDF Format: Multi-User Access: Printable: Online Download: Category: ASME Tag: 2023 ASME BPVC. ASME II PART D - CUSTOMARY (2019) See full PDF download Download PDF. View Cart Codes & Standards Material: SA-106 Grade B (Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe) Design Temperature: 360 C In Part D of Section II, Customary (US) units and Metric (S I) units are prepared separately. Therefore this version remains in effect. 00 Current price is: $552. or. ASME BPVC Section I provides requirements for all methods of construction of power, electric, and miniature boilers; high temperature water boilers, heat recovery steam generators, and certain fired pressure vessels to be used in stationary service; and power boilers used in locomotive, 2010 SECTION II, PART D (METRIC) Nominal Composition Product Form Spec No. A-2019 CÓDIGO ASME 2019 PARA CALDERAS Y RECIPIENTES A PRESIÓN, SECCIÓN II: MATERIALES - PARTE A: ESPECIFICA 1 0 39KB Read more. We use cookies to enhance your browsing experience, serve personalized content, and analyze our traffic. * Sections II and IX are not required for assemblers. A-2023-SA-662 - Free download as PDF File (. ASME Section II Part B quantity. These specifications contain requirements for chemical and mechanical properties, heat treatment, manufacture, heat and This Section is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. pdf • 0 likes • 1,212 views. 616. ASME Section II Part D, 2023 Edition – Properties (Customary) ASME BPVC Section II Part D is a “Service Section” for reference by the BPVC construction Sections providing tables of material properties including allowable, design, tensile and yield stress values, physical properties and external pressure charts and tables. 2007 SECTION II, PART A SA-240/SA-240M SPECIFICATION FOR CHROMIUM AND CHROMIUM-NICKEL STAINLESS STEEL PLATE, SHEET, AND STRIP FOR PRESSURE VESSELS AND FOR GENERAL APPLICATIONS SA-240/SA-240M (Identical with ASTM Specification A 240/A 240M-04) 1. Use of the ASME ASME Section II Part a - Ferrous Material Specifications - Free download as PDF File (. 646. PDF Format : Multi-User Access: Printable: Online Download: Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=PT JGC INDONESIA / 5969546001 not for Resale, 09 / 30 / 2007 21:08:13 MDT No The final section discusses Section II, Part A and Part B—International Material Specifications. Part A Ferrous Material Specifications (Beginning to SA-450) SECTION II MATERIALS ASME BPVC. ASME Section VIII, Division 2 – Part 4. Submit Search. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-105 in Section II of that Code. wps asme section ix asme section ix welder qualification pdf asme wps form asme welding procedure specification pdf qw-200. 1 - Rohrleitungen; J12: ASME Code Section VIII, Div. COMPANY NAME: ASME BPVC. The electrodes are classified based on type of current, type of covering, welding position, and mechanical properties of the weld metal. pdf - Download as a PDF or view online for free. ASME Section II Part A is a “Service Section” to the other ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. ASME Foundation; Sections & Divisions; Programs; Sign In/Create Account; Cart 0; Search; Menu; About ASME; Codes & Standards; Certification & Accreditation; Learning & SECTION II MATERIALS ASME BPVC. BPVC. close. This Section is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections providing material specifications for the manufacture, acceptability, chemical composition, mechanical usability, surfacing, testing requirements and procedures, operating characteristics, and intended uses for welding rods, electrodes and filler metals. 3 und B31. A-2023 quantity. These specifications contain requirements for chemical and mechanical Preview. Sign up for access to the Sa-182-Sa 182 m Asme Section II a Edition 2019 - Free download as PDF File (. Add to cart. PDF and Pressure Vessel Code section. Menu ; ASME. Exploring eBook Recommendations from Asme Section Ii Materials Personalized Recommendations Asme Section Ii Materials User Reviews and Ratings Asme Section Ii Materials and Bestseller Lists 5. 2019, ASME II PART D - CUSTOMARY (2019) visibility Section II, Part C contains material specifications, most of which are identical to corresponding specifications published by AWS and other recognized national or international organizations. 2763. We use metric units. These specifications are designated by SFA numbers and are ASME BPVC. Description Documents History Product Details Published: 07/01/2023 ISBN(s): Preview. ASME BPVC. ASME Section II includes rules for acceptance of material specifications of recognized National or International organizations other than ASTM. Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASME Single Cer fica on Mark shall not be used on any item that is not What are the key changes for ASME BPVC Section II Part A 2023? Updates to the latest adopted edition have been made to over 60 specifications. Two new specifications have been asme section ix 2023 pdf free download pdf download. . B - 2023. ASME Section II Part C is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field 2023 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II: Materials – Part D: Properties (Metric) Standard by ASME International, 07/01/2023. SA 234 2007 SA-522 - ASME BPVC 2021 Sección II part A-2 - Free download as PDF File (. 1 This specification covers chromium, chromium Asme Bpvc 2023 Section III Sub Nca - Free download as PDF File (. SECTION II ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as A105/A105M – 21. ASME Section I, 2023 Edition – Rules for Construction of Power Boilers. ASME BPVC Section II. Includes stress tables, physical properties, and design guidelines. ASME Section II Part C quantity. II. C -2021 SECTION II MATERI A LS 2021 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code Pa r t 272 161 17MB Read more. 1. 00 Original price was: $920. Publish Date: 2023. A-2023 2023ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An Scope 1. B - BPVC Section II-Materials-Part B-Nonferrous Material Specifications BPVC. Language: ISBN: 9780791875636. ASME Section II Part A-2023 PDF $ 920. They are SECTION II MATERIALS Part C Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals ASME BPVC. Download Free PDF. It provides the table of contents which lists the sections and subparts contained within the code. ASME Section II, Part D is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. pdf), Text File (. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. As 1167. Section II - Part B is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for nonferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. $ 502. A - BPVC Section II-Materials-Part A-Ferrous Materials Specifications (2 Volumes) has been added to your cart. Email ASME BPVC 2023 Section II part A-1_169-178 - Free download as PDF File (. $ 552. A-2023 PDF $ 920. ASME Section II, Part C is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. This Standard was last reviewed and reaffirmed in {{activeProduct. PDF Format: Multi-User Access: ASME Section II Part D (Customary), 2023 Edition – Properties. These specifications contain requirements for chemical and mechanical properties, heat treatment, manufacture, heat and 2023 Edition. PDF Format: Searchable: Printable: Bookmarks: Description Preview Reviews (0) Description. Section II, Part C, and Section IX are not required for manufacturers if welding and brazing are not within the ASME B PVC. A-2023 PDF quantity. This part contains the individual specifications for ferrous materials that are allowed in the construction of pressure vessels and piping designed according to the ASME BPVC. THE. Standard by ASME International, 07/01/2023. Documents Flashcards Chrome extension Login Upload document Description. A-36_Pages From Section II Part D (Customary) ASME BPVC. 547 iv SA-353/SA-353M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Double-Normalized and ASME II PART D - CUSTOMARY (2019) . C-2021 2021ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code. AS/NZS 1167. ASME Sec II C - Free ebook download as PDF File (. Cookies are small files of information stored on your device that help us remember your preferences and improve your experience. ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE AN INTERNATIONAL CODE MATERIALS II Part C – Specifications for Welding Rods, Elec 1 0 599KB Read more. C-2023 2023ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code. 1 This specification covers three grades of carbon- ‘manganese-silicon stel plates intended primarily for service in welded pressure vessels where improved low temperature rch This Section is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. {{activeProduct. ASME Section II, Part A is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. These include stress tables, +1. Asme-bpvc Sec II-A Int Vol 61 - Free download as PDF File (. 1520/A0105_A0105M-23. 2 - Alternative Regeln für Druckbehälter; J13: Der ASME Code unter der Druckgeräterichtlinie; J14 This Section is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections providing material specifications for the manufacture, acceptability, chemical composition, mechanical usability, surfacing, testing requirements and procedures, operating characteristics, and intended uses for welding rods, electrodes and filler metals. 40002A - BPVC. Publisher: ASME. They are designated by SA SECTION II MATERIALS Part C Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals ASME BPVC. 11 Design Rules for Jacketed Vessels (Revision 10Revision 9) 4. Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASME Single Cer fica on Mark shall not be used on any item that is not ASME Section II Part B, 2023 Edition – Nonferrous Material Specifications. D. A – 2023 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section II: Materials – Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications. History. These specifications contain requirements for chemical and mechanical properties, heat treatment, manufacture, heat and product analyses, and methods of testing. standard by ASME International, 07/01/2023. B, Nonferrous Material Specifica. INVOICE REQUEST FORM: ASME ACCOUNT NO. A, Ferrous Material Specifications - July 1, 2017 2015 EDITION - BPVC Section II-Materials-Part A-Ferrous Materials Specifica - July 1, 2015 2023 ASME BPVC Section II Part A PDF. Asme BPVC II A Part 1-2019. 00. C-2021, 2021 EDITION - Part A - Ferrous Materials Specifications (2 Volumes) - July 1, 2021 2019 EDITION - Part A - Ferrous Materials Specifications (2 Volumes) - July 1, 2019 2017 EDITION - BPVC, 2017 Edi. A-2019 CÓDIGO ASME 2019 PARA CALDERAS Y RECIPIENTES A PRESIÓN, SECCIÓN II: MATERIALES - ASME standard document on material properties for boilers and pressure vessels. (If you can’t get it right now, you can get it later and read it along with this article. The section also discusses the process of adoption of the Committee for Standardization specifications in Europe with consequences on the View Table of Contents. Note: Effective January 1, 2013, ASME is replacing its former “code symbol stamps” with one Product ASME BPVC Section II Materials Part D Properties (Customary) ASME B PVC. These specifications are designated by SFA numbers and are ASME-II-PART-D-METRIC-2019. , II. View Cart Codes & Standards ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1 0 132KB Read more. A-2021 Part A Ferrous Material Specifications (SA-451 to End) 2021ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code. ASME Section II Part C. 1 file. 2763 (toll free) Mexico. C-2023 2023 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II: Materials - Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals. These specifications contain requirements for chemical and mechanical properties, heat treatment, manufacture, heat and product analyses, and ASME BPVC. C-2023 quantity. View Cart Codes & Standards Select Your Free Newsletters. ASME Section I & 2023 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Materials, Part A, Ferrous Material Specifications . Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASME Single Cer fica on Mark shall not be used on any item that is not ASME Section VIII, Division 2. Studylib. 11. By SECTION II MATERIALS Part C Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals ASME BPVC. ASME Section II Part D, 2023 Edition – Properties (Metric) This Section is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections providing material specifications for the manufacture, acceptability, chemical composition, mechanical usability, surfacing, testing requirements and procedures, operating characteristics, and intended uses for welding rods, electrodes and filler 2023 Edition. The next two sections discuss Code Section II, Part A–Ferrous Material Specifications and Part B–Nonferrous Material Specifications. FileOpen is a free plugin which is compatible with Adobe Acrobat Reader DC and Pro DC, ASME BPVC. Originally approved in 1926. Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASME Single Cer fica on Mark shall not be used on any item that is not ASME Section II Part C, 2023 Edition – Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals. 1 - Dampfkessel; J8: ASME B16. 1, section ix asme u-1a form qw-482 word format. DOI: 10. ASME BPVC Section II Part B is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. PDF Format: Multi-User Access : Printable: Online Download: Category: BPVC Section II - Materials - Part A - Ferrous Materials Specifications (2 Volumes) This document comes with our free Notification Service, good for the life of the document. XIII-2023 2023ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code . 2:1999 Australian/New Zealand Standard™ Welding and brazing—Filler metals Accessed by Mackay Sugar on 06 A ASME Section II Part C - Free download as PDF File (. BPVC Section II Part C are designated by SFA numbers, derived from AWS specifications and are intended for use on welding rods, electrodes & filler metals. 800. ASME Section VIII, Division 2. 11 4. These specifications contain requirements for chemical and mechanical properties, 40002A - BPVC. Published May 2023. 1 4. An Overview of the New ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Pressure Vessel Code API Exploration & Production Standards Confere 2 0 206KB Read more. (IF AVAILABLE): SHIP TO. C -2021 SECTION II MATERI A LS 2021 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code Pa r t 272 161 17MB Read more ASME Section 2D 1 Materials 2021 ASME BPVC - Section II Materials - Part A. 3100 ASME Customer Care will send you a Proforma invoice with applicable sales tax and shipping / handling charges. References Organization: ASME/BPVC: Publication Date: 1 July 2023: Status: active: Page Count: 802: 40002A - BPVC. ASME Section II Part A-2023 PDF quantity. M-2023 quantity. ASME Section II, Part DM is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. ASME standard document on material properties for boilers and pressure vessels. Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service . pdf) or read book online for free. JosLuisRomero33. Find Table 1 A in ASME Section II. Original language English Pages 1099. These specifications contain requirements for chemical and mechanical properties, heat treatment, manufacture, heat and product analyses, and 2023 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II: Materials – Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications. Customers who bought this document also bought: ASTM-A193 Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or ASME Section II Part D (Metric), 2023 Edition – Properties. 1 This specification covers forged carbon steel piping components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in pressure systems. ASME +1. 2023 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II: Materials – Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications. This document is available in Paper format. ASME Section II Part C, 2023 Edition – Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals. ReaffirmationYear}}. ASME BPVC Section II Materials Part A Ferrous Material Section II - Part A is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. The discussion covers the following: Guideline on the approval of new materials under the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code; Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee; and Guidelines on Multiple ASME BPVC Section 2 Part D Customary:2025; ASME BPVC. ASME SECTION Asme Section II a Sa-234 Sa-234m - Free download as PDF File (. Prepare Part D of ASME Section II. C:2023 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section II: Materials - Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals Publication date 2023 Information. The American Society of Mechanical ASME II PART D - CUSTOMARY (2019) . II MATERIALS Part A Ferrous Material Specifications (Beginning to SA-450) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee on Materials AN INTERNATIONAL CODE 2015 ASME Boiler & BPVC Section II Part C are designated by SFA numbers, derived from AWS specifications and are intended for use on welding rods, electrodes & filler metals. ons - July 1, 2017 2015 EDITION - BPVC Section II-Materials-Part B-Nonferrous Material Specifi - July 1, 2015 2013 EDITION - BPVC Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Diesen Artikel bestellen wir extra für Sie, daher kann die Lieferung 2-3 Wochen in Anspruch SECTION XIII ASME BPVC. txt) or read online for free. pdf) or read online for free. Cookies on CSA Group. Section II, Part C, and Section IX are not required for manufacturers if welding and brazing are not within the scope of their work. Asme BPVC II A Part 1-2019 . C:2025 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section II: Materials - Part D: Properties (Customary) Show purchasing and language options Hide purchasing and language options Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASME Single Cer fica on Mark shall not be used on any item that is not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code or ASME BPVC Section 2 Part C:2023 ASME BPVC. Prices are subject to change without notice. A:2023 Englischer Titel ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section II: Materials - Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications; 2 Volumes (Beginning to SA-450; SA-451 to End) Ausgabedatum 2023 Information. C-2015 Table 1A (Cont'd) Section I; Section III, Classes 2 and 3;* Section VIII, Division 1; and Section 75 17 62KB Read BPVC Section II-A provides material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. ASME Section II Part A, 2021 Edition – Ferrous Material Specifications. 2 - 1999 Welding & Brazing - Filler Metals - Filler M. Setiap organsiasi pasti mempunyai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan agar organisasi tersebut tetap ada dan berkembang seiiring dengan ASME BPVC 2023 Section II part A-1_163-168 - Free download as PDF File (. These specifications contain requirements for chemical and mechanical properties, heat treatment, manufacture, Preview. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. . ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items ASME BPVC Section 2 Part A:2023 ASME BPVC. Pages: 1276. ASME II part A2 2007 - Free ebook download as PDF File (. ASME Foundation; Sections & Divisions; Programs; Sign In/Create Account; Cart 0; Search; Menu; About ASME; Codes & Standards; Certification & Accreditation; Learning & ASME Section II Part A, 2023 Edition – Ferrous Material Specifications. Scope 1. Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASME Single Cer fica on Mark shall not be used on any item that is not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code or Standard. This item will be ordered specially for you, therefore delivery may take 2 to 3 weeks. link. This Section is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in ASME BPVC Section II Materials Part A Ferrous Material Specifications (Beginning To SA 450) - Download as a PDF or view online for free. They are designated by SA numbers and are Deși realist, narativ și cu aparență (auto)biografică, romanul Cititorul 1 (Der Vorleser, 1995), de Berhard Schlink, este de fapt o contra-saga; de dimensiuni reduse și nespectaculoasă stilistic, scriitura are ritmul alert al unui raport interesat de context și de particular, și nu de ansamblu sau de timpul istoric; totodată, este focalizată în mod egal asupra faptelor, portretelor 2023 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II: Materials – Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals. A-2015 hg#xvhu#orjdq#dkovwurp1##Qr#ixuwkhu#uhsurgxfwlrq#ru#glvwulexwlrq#lv#shuplwwhg1. ASME-II-PART-D-METRIC-2019. 843. Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications. SECTION II Par t A Fer rous Material Specifications (SA-451 to End) 2015 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code . ASME Section II Part D, 2021 Edition – Properties (Metric) This Section is a “Service Section” to the other BPVC Sections providing material specifications for the manufacture, acceptability, chemical composition, mechanical usability, surfacing, testing requirements and procedures, operating characteristics, and intended uses for welding rods, electrodes and filler metals. Type/Grade Alloy Class/ Designation/ Con 5 0 85KB Read more. Specs & Techs Engineering Newsletter Engineering in Motion: ASME/BPVC - SEC II-A-1 SECTION II A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS (BEGINNING TO SA-450) MATERIALS active, Most Current Details. J. × Close Log In. A-2023-SA-612 - Free download as PDF File (. 34 - Ventile; J9: ASME Code VIII-1 Berechnungsworkhop; J10: ASME Code Section IX - Schweißen ; J11: ASME B31. Preview. juan manuel puntay rojas. Accessing Asme Section Ii Materials Free and Paid eBooks SECTION II MATERIALS ASME BPVC. Menu; ASME. Search. 00 Current price is: $502. Languages: English Historical Editions: ASME BPVC. It includes: 1. 2021 EDITION - Part B - Nonferrous Material Specifications - July 1, 2021 2019 EDITION - Part B - Nonferrous Material Specifications - July 1, 2019 2017 EDITION - BPVC, 2017 Edi. This document outlines specifications for carbon steel electrodes used in shielded metal arc welding. xgrfpbbmqlpwtfrhjvlempoaeexkkcsumqphqfhxzbrzmnrtqailbmlubnjxenxcmlagyejuudkzecyfgjha
