Latex bold math vector. Other mathematical fonts. If there is no symbol, then it uses poor man's bold. Synopsis (used in paragraph mode or LR mode): \boldmath \ ( math \) or. Hat. \documentclass{article} \begin{document} $36x^2y+54xy^2$. This is meant to provide a quick way to insert simple words or phrases in a sequence of equations. The following statement demonstrates the use of{ \boldmath}: In a general setting, applying some formatting to a symbol (letter, or otherwise) changes its meaning. Of course it is not possible to make non-bold fonts 'truly bold', but the output Word produces when you make formulae bold is acceptable, and Cambria Math also doesn't have a bold font. answered May 17, 2014 at 12:21. Typically I would just type P directly, but if you want an upright P, you can use \mathrm P. xlabel('foo',fontweight='bold') You can also use LaTeX with the right backend. The bad thing with "automating with text-editor" is always the same: it is not as modular than defining a \newcommand and using it. You will probably want to scale this to match your math font, with the bbscaled= package option. tex. An example of my code: \boldmath\begin{align*} p(X,Y) \Leftrightarrow. While \theta can only be bold but neither non-italicized nor both. \documentclass{article} \usepackage{xcolor,amsmath,scalerel} Nov 30, 2017 · Tauseef. Especially so, if they copy a formula from a textbook and make a terrible mess of whether it's a vector or the scalar value of a vector! In order to, inside of a math environment, display vectors in bold and Mar 24, 2014 · I’m using pdfLaTeX, and I want all vectors I typeset to be in bold, upright font. Consider I have a vector x containing different x_i values. Syntax is \boldify[<boldness-factor>]{<argument-to-be-math-bolded>}. You can swap nams. Mar 26, 2013 · 15. So, I would keep the operator symbol ( \dot in this case) the same and therefore not bold. 2 ] Suppose you want to denote vectors by upright bold letters; then \mathbf{u} works fine, except that if it's a Greek letter you have to use \boldsymbol{\omega} instead. bold, italic, enumerations, ) 5 posts • Page 1 of 1 For vectors with only two elements, or any doublet you want to express in column form, there is a standard LaTeX command in math mode $\binom {a} {b}$ or alternatively $ {n \choose k}$. Dollar sign in math mode: $. \mathdollar ¶. There are also other spaces you can use. \left and \right can dynamically adjust the size, as shown by the next example: Dec 7, 2017 · I want to be able to make several symbols bold by grouping them within some sort of bolding command. \documentclass{article} \usepackage[arrowdel]{physics} \begin{document} \[ \grad f \] \end{document} Output : In matplotlib you can make the text of an axis label bold by. I've seen various topics here adressing how to turn math symbols bold, but none of them gives a suitable option for \mathbb characters, as in \mathbb{ABC}. \end{document} Jun 27, 2009 · The problem with the above two statements is that they are trying to mix Text mode and Math mode in LaTeX. 2. I have been trying to both bold and non-italicize x and \theta using the following minimum-working-example. That's how \mathpalette works, the #1 that is passed to \bigcdot@ is the current math style (\displaystyle, \textstyle, \scriptstyle, or \scriptscriptstyle depending on the case). the details depend on the exact font setup but the basic idea is that \mathxx is a font change but \symbf isn't a font change bu a "Unicode shift" up to the Unicode math alphabets in the block starting U+1D400, taking the characters from the current font compare A (a normal A, bold) and 𝐀 which is a Unicode math bold A. It might be a good idea to \DeclareRobustCommand\zerovec{\mathbf{0}} so you can try different definitions out or change to another package. Even if you are using only one bracket, both commands are mandatory. Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode, ¶. In a similar way that U is different from \mathcal{U}, say. tulio. Note: as {Keyboard warrior} said in the comments \overrightarrow function looks more like the vector symbol (s) we see in textbooks. Jun 3, 2019 · That is, bold vectors, upright constants, bold upright constant vectors. The package mathalpha provides several options, which are listed in the documentation. For example, \thickhat{A} doesn't yield the desired output. For example, the i th element of a vector x is xi and not xi (it is a number). uk. 31 3. $\vec{AB} = 0_E$. Apr 14, 2014 · But it still won’t work, presumably due to limitations in unicode-math, in fonts, or in the LaTeX interpreter(s) you are using. In latex, font weight of text is converted from normal to bold with the help of \textbf command. \mathsterling ¶. What fonts are you using in Beamer? While it can be invoked in text mode or math mode, its argument is processed in math mode (unless delimited by $ which will process it in text mode). \vec. Vectors in typeset material are in bold font. Macros are also provided to represent a row or column 6. Similarly, if you have a matrix X, its i th column is xi, and not Xi (it is a vector, thus in bold), and one of its element is xij, and not Xij. I'd keep option 2. It is unfortunate that the comment of Crowley here above is not more highlighted. Jun 30, 2016 · The first method (commented out) works fine, but the second displays x in bold font but displays \mu in normal font. Yep: \setmathfont{xits-math. \end{document} (Note that this is not to be taken as an example of good mathematical exposition. This \Name is in displayed in bold and in plain and \delta in math mode can be only one of them. If the symbol exists in a font that isn't loaded, then it will still be used via \boldmath which is slower than the previous case. \displaystyle: apply the style used for mathematics typeset on lines by themselves. \left | \right |. This allows you to use the \thick -constructs inside super-/subscripts. Points and positions are denoted by capital italic letters. Which you can easily represent with LaTeX. MathJax supports most of the standard TeX and LaTeX math syntax, as well as some AMS and other LaTeX extensions and custom macros. xlabel(r'$\phi$',fontweight='bold') Nor do the following LaTeX commands seem to have any effect The context is not very clear to me: math formula with bold symbols, math formula in bold context like section titles, bold/italics or bold/upright, text mode, Here some variations: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{fixltx2e}% for \textsubscript. Why is this the case? Bold math is easily accessible, for all sorts of glyphs, by loading the boldmath package and using the \bm{} command defined in the package. You can even make XITS and Latin Modern bold in math just by pressing CTRL+B. In Context mkiv you can use. In addition, after writing a long section with latex's \vec, it looks ugly and Mar 22, 2024 · To write a vector in Latex, we can use \vec function. or \overrightarrow function. Question : Is it possible to define a generic vector command in LaTeX which automatically chooses between \mathbf and \boldsymbol , so that one can write just \vect{u} and \vect You can renew the command \vec. Within math mode, you can use \( \boldsymbol{x=A^{-1}y} \). Hence. If you are using bold to represent something, for instance a vector, I would define a command \newcommand*\vector[1]{\mathbf{#1}} and that way you get clearer code an easy to change. I need to write delta in a way \textbf make it bold. The unicode-math and isomath packages also add a \mathbfit alphabet for bold italic math letters. – Manuel. Similar to math mode - typesetting column vector - TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange except this is [] square bracket instead of () parentheses. Open this LaTeX fragment in Overleaf. To define a unit vector with the help of latex, you need to be familiar with these three symbols given below. As I understand the documentation, \bm will use the appropriate symbol if the symbol exists in the font and it's loaded. Perhaps the simplest way to achieve that is using bm package and \newcommand\vec[1]{\bm{\mathrm{#1}} then \vec{R} and \vec{\theta} should do the right thing Using italics, bold or underlined words can change the perception of the reader. TeX would normally keep the array spacing consistent but you forced it to break its normal rules by using \dfrac If you use \frac the spacing is consistent, but a little cramped so I added some extra space. g. 8r Thisdocumentusesthefileunicode-math-table. To use this in LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, you want to load unicode-math and Feb 2, 2019 · 3. Aug 27, 2011 · The dsserif alphabet is the only free one I know of that supports both blackboard-bold and bold-blackboard-bold digits in Type-1 format, and that a package can load without changing your other fonts. I have only managed to get these two ways. In fact it is hard to distinguish bold from non-bold characters. The vector package∗ Nick Efford†. answered Sep 28, 2022 at 19:43. As a bonus you get lowercase calligraphic as well. $\textbf{1}$ works fine for me, the others don't result in boldface. The esvect package provides nice vector arrows in most cases: The command is \vv (not \vec) and it provides a centered, non-slanted (better 'upright') arrow, which is shorter than the arrow given by \overrightarrow. nde@dcre. In the modern toolchain, with unicode-math and running either LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, you can choose whatever font for bold math you want: p \boldsymbol{\Rightarrow} q \Rightarrow r. Let's begin with an example: were made by \textbf{\textit{ accident }} . – David Carlisle. Question: How can I define a bold vector x that has arrow on top and has the same font as the element x_i. The intermediate bold small caps font does not exist. For example with. Welcome to TeX. That's all well and good, except my field uses many Greek letters, both lower and uppercase. \( a = b + c_2 \) \( c = d \cdot \frac{1}{x} \) \unboldmath % Return math to normal. For things like \vee, it is easier to define \fvee in terms of \fat and \vee. tex with aom. I have set the default to . I finally decided to go with the not exactly correct solution. Second, it makes it easier to change from unicode-math and physics to other packages, such as if you have to copy your equation into a document compiled with PDFTeX. Unfortunately, based on whether the symbol is latin, lowercase greek, or uppercase greek, there are different commands necessary to make it bold and upright. But using the custom command can also be fastened with text-editor. The formula is 2. Call it $\boldsymbol\beta$. He give me the answer I search : using \boldmath before the eqn environment, all the math portion is in bold font and the text stay normal. And this is the The \boldsymbol command still works, including for symbols other than letters, if you load one of the math fonts that comes in bold (such as XITS Math) or if you declare a bold math font with \setmathfont[version=bold]. They must be used when not in math mode or display math mode (see Modes ). Welcome to May 30, 2019 · Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Aug 23, 2006 · Using Bold Greek Letters in LaTeX. That is, you can denote the nabla(∇) symbol with a vector arrow above the nabla(∇) symbol without making it bold. I know, this is more common with LaTeX, but the principle still applies. Aug 10, 2009 · Bold Greek letters are available using boldsymbol in the amsmath package. With bb=pazo instead of bb=dsserif: With bb=fourier: Jun 15, 2015 · Could one of you help me on how to get the following: I need a boldface vector with a hat on top, something like the vector with boldface and a hat as below: For bold and upright, you could use the regular text-version of \imath and \jmath, which are \i and \j: Additionally, if you want the \hat to be bold as well, then use \boldsymbol. Relative to your code, I've made the following three changes: (a) The sansmath package is now loaded with the T1 option; (b) the \SetMathAlphabet{\mathsfbf}{bx}{sl} command tells LaTeX to use a slanted font in bold-math mode; (c) the sansmath environment is augmented so that Sep 30, 2020 · 5. \mathparagraph ¶. Obsidian uses MathJax JavaScript library to render inline and displayed LaTeX equations embedded in your documents. I suggest you use \boldmath before entering math mode. Verbatim fragments ( verb, texttt) overflow the page. \usepackage[fleqn]{amsmath} (define-key LaTeX-mode-map (kbd "C-v") 'tex-make-vector) and you'll be able to insert a vector with a single key stroke. An online LaTeX editor that’s easy to use. This can be done without the need for a manual italic correction as shown in the example above. This set of commands produces text in math-mode padded by \quad spacing on either side. (Font) using `OT1/cmr/bx/n' instead on input line 20. For example: Sep 15, 2020 · This said, in what sense do these not work? All of these lines result in a bold-faced 1 for me. xlabel(r'$\phi$') When you combine them however, the math text is not bold anymore. For representing a vector, the common typographic convention is lower case, upright boldface type, as in v. Another option would be to use \varoverrightarrow {A}, but the arrow gets longer and I can't make the letter bold. The result: saf-dmitry April 27, 2021, 5:33pm 2. Both these work for me as you described when converting Markdown to PDF with Pandoc (LaTeX/math in Markdown marked off with $$). Importantly, the current math style is preserved. Nov 5, 2023 · 2. \hat. I am aware of \ding{58} from the pifont package, as well as \Plus from bbding, both Jul 6, 2022 · 9. Sep 27, 2015 · How do you bold math? I've been using \bm, but it doesn't work with \nicefrac (or any frac, I think), and now I find it also doesn't work with \sec, and there doesn't seem to be a workaround. plt. \mathsection ¶. A boldness factor of 0 is no boldness. However, the same article also said: Dec 6, 2020 · 2. Feb 18, 2016 · To extend Herberts answer, the \textbf furthermore keeps the “surrounding” font style, for example when using a theorem, which typesets its content in italics, so will the \textbf will set the text bold and italic, while \mathbf will not only use the math font but furthermore only the bold font and not an italic one. Is there a fast way to change all that's been written \vec{} to \bf{} without doing it for every single vector? To get a space between two symbols, use \; You can use the space commands multiple times: this tends to be the only way you will notice a difference. The following modified version of your MWE achieves this objective. And this concept will be discussed in this tutorial. Here’s a list of types of spaces in increasing size (optional material). I have tested some options to see which commands turn which symbols in bold. Later the class, the author or the editor can decide whether to use outdated arrows, boldface, or no special markup at all as usual in algebra. This can be a FakeBold version of the math font, for instance, version=bold, FakeBold = 1. Basically what mathpalette does is taking two arguments, and passing the currentstyle in first place and the second argument after it, so \mathpalete\foo{whatever} ends up being for instance \foo\displaystyle{whatever Jul 25, 2021 · 1. If your document requires only a few simple mathematical formulas, plain LaTeX has most of the tools that you will ever need. {\fontfamily{lmtt}\fontseries{b}\selectfont my coding in text} I only changed the font style for the text to bold Latin Modern Sans Typewriter. That is a good solution, but is there a way to align such an equation if for example i have a pretty big Mar 14, 2018 · It can be used on anything in math mode. Jul 20, 2020 · Vectors, tensors and matrices are usually denoted using a bold-face (heavy) font, but they should still be italic since they are still quantities. The \boldmath command will turn math expressions following it bold, so you could write {\boldmath \( x=A^{-1}y \)}. For example, here are the lowercase letters of Libertinus's blackboard bold font, obtained with the option bb=libus. Sep 28, 2022 · I've learned the type of arrow I wanted is an old style of arrow. Use the correct notation for columns et elements. ac. {\boldmath $36x^2y+54xy^2$} % use { and } to localize scope of \boldmath. Apr 14, 2024 · In latex, physics package is defined for each special symbol or operation of physics. It is possible to set a different font family for a complete mathematical expression: Open this example in Overleaf. In mathematics and physics, vector notation is a commonly used notation for representing vectors, [1] [2] which may be Euclidean vectors, or more generally, members of a vector space . May 5, 2019 · where text include \delta. If you found this post or this website helpful and Here is one solution, albeit cumbersome: amsmath provides the easy font-and-size switching capability via \text. Vector. In any case, for \mu you would be better using \bm from bm package. There is nothing bad about redefining \vec. For probability, there is \Pr, which prints Pr. otf} $\mathbfcal{abc}$. ) In order to access bold fonts in the simplest and quickest possible manner, the package normally allocates symbol fonts for bold (and possibly heavy) fonts into the ‘normal’ math version. Another option is to bite the bullet and use LuaTeX with OpenType math fonts. If you want bold (math) upright, the command is \mathbf. So, let’s learn something interesting … Use \textbf command for vector bold in LaTeX. \renewcommand{\vec}[1]{\underline{#1}} In this case, if you use \vec your vector will be underlined. I tried to get characters in math-environment bold such that they look like this (picture taken from a book - pdf-sample: link ): However, neither \mathbf{xyz} nor \boldsymbol{\mathrm{xyz}} work in order to get the characters bold enough. Improve this answer. Sep 4, 2016 · @Zarko Redefining certain macros is not bad at all, if it is about logical markup. M_x\\[\jot]M_y\\[\jot]M_z. I accept any answer that makes LaTeX behave like Word in this. A B → = 0 E. x can be bold or non-italicized but cannot be both. ) The boldsymbol extension defines the \boldsymbol LaTeX macro that produces a bold version of its argument, provided bold versions of the required characters are available. Without unicode-math Bold Greek letters are available using boldsymbol in the amsmath package. I am looking to obtain a representation for the vector in this way. $\overrightarrow{AB} = 0_E$. To load the boldsymbol extension explicitly (when using input/tex-base for example), add '[tex Feb 25, 2018 · How to make a math symbol bold as well as non-italic in the math-mode of latex. leeds. $36x^2y+54xy^2$. LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OT1/cmr/bx/sc' undefined. In this case, the recommended approach is to use $\mathbf{1}_n$. I can make a single symbol bold by using (for example) Also, from my experience students tend to overlook more easily the fact that a quantity is a vector when it's in bold. 7 KB. Apr 24, 2020 · 7. For this MWE, I have defined also \bcdot and \bplus to define bolded \cdot and + with appropriate spacing. This is the code I tried: column of 11. If you want all instances of \Rightarrow to be bold, you could select that one glyph from a font with a heavier weight: In the legacy toolchain, you can load the Jul 25, 2023 · The gradient operator is a vector. By default it allocates at most four fonts for \bm and at most three fonts for \hm. This extension is loaded automatically when the autoload extension is used. textoprinteverysymboldefinedbytheunicode-math package The following symbols are most often used in plain text but LaTeX provides versions to use in mathematical text. Dec 27, 2009 at 21:35. Sep 26, 2015 · 5. Therefore it is better in general to switch the font in one step. I'm currently using \pmb{+} from the amsbsy package, but it's a bit too lean for my taste, and it looks a bit pointy to the ends. Vertical continuous dots are used when the column vector carries n number of elements. Alternatives include \boldsymbol{0} from amsmath and \symbfup{0} from unicode-math (which also supports the previous two). But if I use $\vv\textbf{x}}$ the font of x would be different from the fonts of elements,x_i, in the vector. In this article three basic text formatting tools will be explained: italics, bold and underline. Theoretically, this invokes the bold alphanumeric symbols from your math font, rather than a text font, although here Aug 8, 2021 · First, it makes it easier to change the style of your vectors if, for example, you want to use an arrow instead of a bold letter. These look nice with tight vertically lengthened parentheses. Jun 7, 2023 · For this, you need to know how to convert a text’s font weight from normal to bold. Now, I changed my mind and want to write them in bold letters using \bf{} for instance. Symbolsdefinedbyunicode-math WillRobertson 2023/08/13 0. LaTeX forum ⇒ Text Formatting ⇒ How to have Italic AND bold, in math mode ? Information and discussion about LaTeX's general text formatting features (e. This package provides a set of new commands for representing vectors in various ways. . If you use \boldsymbol, you get bold (math) italic. Share. & minimal(X) \\. To get this old style you just need to include \usepackage{old-arrows} to the code and you get exactly the second image writing \overrightarrow{\gamma}. However, if all you want is a bold (but upright x), you can use \mathbf{ }. 1994/09/16. Next up, if you really just want all math to be bold, try \boldmath : \boldmath % Make all math bold. Section sign in math mode: §. The above example produces the following output: F = G ( m 1 m 2 r 2) Notice that to insert the parentheses or brackets, the \left and \right commands are used. absalute value. If you change mind and you want to use a dot or whatever, you can change the definition and all your \vec on the document will automatically change in the next compilation. It is also a large topic due to the existence of so much mathematical notation. I believe \boldsymbol{} will make a bold symbol in math mode without needing additional packages. Note that you should always style the variables with respect to their type. \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[spanish]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{physics} Dec 12, 2014 · the image shows a rather inconsistent font choice using bold upright roman and bold slanted greek for vectors. Instead of \textbf use \boldsymbol (load the amsmath package to get it) to get it bold, put everything in math mode, and to get it upright use the upgreek package and \uptheta instead of theta: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{upgreek} \begin{document} $\boldsymbol{\uptheta}$. I want x to be both blond and have arrow sign on top. However, Wikipedia's "Euclidean vector" entry uses an example of a vector that looks like this: As you can see, the a a is upright. 15. Coordinates of a position are given as a tuple, so P P is at (4,5,−2) ( 4, 5, − 2) is the same as saying that P P has coordinates x =4 x = 4, y =5 y = 5, z = −2 z = − 2. \scriptstyle: apply the style used for subscripts or superscripts. Simple command for vertical dots is \vdots. What you need to know! May 22, 2023 · by Jidan / May 22, 2023. You should put your symbol format definitions in another TeX file; publications tend to have their own styles, and some may use bold Roman for fields like R instead of blackboard bold. Sterling sign in math mode: £. \unboldmath \ ( math \) Declarations to change the letters and symbols in math to be in a bold font, or to countermand that and bring back the regular (non-bold) default, respectively. Combining marks are often poorly implemented in fonts (their metrics are wrong, causing the mark to be misplaced) and in rendering software (as we can see here: x⃗ does not look right at all). Bold Greek letters are available using boldsymbol in the amsmath package. \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \begin{document} Let $\boldsymbol\alpha$ be a vector. If you don’t ever use \mathbf for words in math mode, you might use the option \usepackage[mathbf=sym]{unicode-math}, and make \mathbf a synonym for \symbf. The commonly-used bold and underlined notations are supported, as is the ‘hat’ notation for representing unit vectors. 1. So, [latex]x+\cos\;\;\;\;\;\;\theta[/latex] gives you x+ cos θ x + cos θ. This example produces the following output: In this case, not only letters but all characters change their appearance; for example, $\mathit{3x^2}$ italicises the entire expression to produce 3 x 2 . Aug 1, 2015 · I'm writing a paper and I used \vec{} to express all vectors. \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report} \begin{document} \textbf{text $\delta$} \end{document} TeX engines provide several commands which can be used to override the default style in which a piece of math is typeset: \textstyle: apply the style used for mathematics typeset in paragraphs. First of all, there should be no \text: you want a math formula. May 12, 2023 · A column vector is a matrix whose elements are arranged sequentially along a column. It is terribly misleading, however, to use the Jun 27, 2022 · Automatically bold certain letters in math (for vectors, matrices), but not if followed by underscore with indices 0 Labeling and Double Labeling Matrices in LaTex (Overleaf) - useful for Markov chain transition matrices I'm using a ready-made template where individual packages are often colliding. However, if you view your vector space as a direct product of fields, you can use the notation 1, since this element is the unit of the ring. No installation, real-time collaboration, version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more. Use grouping to keep the scope of the directive local. Abstract. @yrudoy and Werner: This solution doesn't properly place the bold accent. Nov 30, 2017 at 10:58. vector - same as scalar, but with an arrow (latex \vec) matrix - bold (preferably upright as well) tensor - preferably blackboard font, but also maybe the same as a matrix. – Davislor. You just need to use a blackboard bold font that actually has lowercase letters, unlike AMS's blackboard font obtained with amssymb. Sep 6, 2015 · 18. To get bold calligraphic fonts. From Bernard's comment: esvect defines 8 different arrow (head) types, which can be chosen by \usepackage[a]{esvect} to Feb 28, 2017 · One solution is: This will allow you to use \mathbf{1} or \symbf{1}. – TH. I'd like to use a different + symbol in addition to + in math mode, preferably one which is just bolder than the standard one. However, it is not a good idea to type, for example, the inhomogeneous linear equation A x = b in your LaTeX source document like this: \mathsf {A} \bm {x May 23, 2018 · 0. Each of the following commands includes a starred version which pads the text only on the right side with \quad for use in aligned environments such as cases. By the way, if you are having to write a bunch of these, then I usually define a shorthand command: \newcommand{\+}[1]{\ensuremath{\boldsymbol{#1}}} which you can then write your Then your equations are easier to read in the LaTeX source and you can tweak the appearance globally by changing the definition. Aug 8, 2021 at 6:12. I am sure that unicode-math for lualatex has something similar. Math sans serif is accessible via \mathsf{}. SE. Here is my code: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} % some math-related packages, not sure which of Apr 25, 2022 · 1. The following graphic shows the output of this LaTeX Apr 27, 2021 · Typing: 1141×107 11. One way to obtain bold fonts in Math mode is to use the {\boldmath} declaration. For example, vector arrows and vector bold are denoted by va and vb commands. Thank you. 7. Because the unit vector is identified by the above three symbols. The "all ones vector" has no meaning without choosing a basis, of course, because there's no canonical choice of a "1" vector. What is wrong with the code and how May 2, 2024 · Typesetting mathematics is one of LaTeX's greatest strengths. Sep 22, 2021 · To have the exact same type of bold and cursive x, then you can use $\boldsymbol{x}$. I can't use \bm in math mode. Vector variables should be marked as such, and \vec is just fine. Also, each letter should be specified with a distinct call of \mathbf and the double dot (second derivative in Newton notation) should not be bold. If you want a blackboard P, you can type \mathbb P . Note the distinction from vector components with square brackets. nzkilngnwpqfawceccdd
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